There are 188 Japanese particles in total. A beginner does not have to know all 188 particles in Japanese. There are so many that it would take a book in and of itself to discuss all of them and their uses.
How to Tell the Difference between Japanese Particles: Comparisons and Exercises
The Japanese language is notoriously difficult when it comes to particles. It is precisely for this reason that many books have been written on the subject. Students become familiar with the functions of the individual particles after studying them in most of these books, which treat particles as independent entities. Although students may grasp the general nature of the particles, they are unsure about the specific functions of some particles (although with slight differences).
Similar particles with different functions have differences.
This problem is solved by Naoko Chino, a well-known author of language books who groups particles by function, explains them, and illustrates samples of usage. Readers can practice their knowledge by completing dual-purpose quizzes at the end of each section. By doing so, this book helps students nail down the troubling differences between particles while not replacing general reference books on particles.
How to Tell the Difference Between Japanese Particles should prove to be the perfect tool for students who find themselves befuddled by such differences.
This book helps students learn about usage differences by grouping particles based on their similar functions. Student comprehension is increased through definitions, sample sentences, usage notes, and quizzes.
Download A Dictionary of Japanese Particles PDF
The particles of Japanese are perhaps the most challenging aspect of the language for English speakers. Most people will never be able to fully master them, it would not be an exaggeration to say. As a result, studying particles requires a lifelong companion to assist the student along the way. The companion to this book is A Dictionary of Japanese Particles.
The dictionary provides examples of sentences for over 100 particles in alphabetical order, explaining the meanings of each (most have more than one meaning).
Where necessary, illustrations are provided for clarification. Those who want to test their knowledge of particle usage can also find exercises at the back of the book. Charts at the end of each chapter and appendices are provided for your convenience.
As students encounter puzzling particles over the years, the Dictionary of Japanese Particles will serve as an essential reference work.
What is a basic Japanese particle
During Japanese language communication, particles serve as a sort of “glue.” Basically, Japanese particles describe what you are talking about. Nouns, objects, and verbs are related by their properties. In English, a number of articles and preposition words such as “to”, “in”, and “on” are equivalent.
What is the use of wa in Japanese?
は(wa)” is a postpositional particle and has no meaning. “は” is pronounced “wa” when it is a postpositional particle. This particle indicates the topic of a sentence and tells the listener what the sentence is talking about.
N1 は N2 です。
1. わたしは アメリカ人です。 I am American.
2. 佐藤さんは学生です。 Mr.Sato is a student.
3. わたしは タイの 学生です。 I am an Thai student.
What is ga particle in japanese
The particle ga (ka/ga) is another particle that is used frequently and has a wide variety of functions. The first function is to use the preceding word as the subject of the sentence.
I ate breakfast >> I’m the subject of the sentence.
私が朝ごはんを食べました。
Second function is used with some verbs or adjectives to describe the natural appearance of emotion which verbs and adjectives The following must use the particle が only.
| Japanese word | Meaning |
| あります | Have ( Non living ) |
| います | Have ( human , animal ) |
| わかります | Understand |
| 好きです(すきです) | Like |
| 嫌いです(きらいです) | Hate / dislike |
| 上手です(じょうずです) | Good at |
| ほしいです | Want |
Example :
1.私がこの絵を描きました。 I painted this painting myself.
2.私が払いましょう。 I’ll pay for that.
Third function It is used to indicate a noun that has an adjective after it.
1.今日は都合がいいです。 Today is convenient for me.
2.大阪は食べ物がおいしいです。 Food in Osaka is delicious.
Conjunctions connect conflicting sentences in the fourth function. which means “but”
1.難しいですが、頑張ります。 It is difficult, but I will do my best.
2.実験は大変ですが、面白いです。 Experiments are difficult but interesting.
3.月曜日ですが、もう疲れている。 It’s Monday, but I am already exhausted.
What does the Japanese particle Wo mean
Wo を is using it as a direct object marker, meaning that it marks the noun which receives an action or event described by a verb. For example,ご飯を食べます。 I eat rice. ご飯 is Object and 食べます is Verb. It is important to pronounce the particle を as “o”. The direct object of a verb always links it to that action, which makes its correct pronunciation more than necessary for clarity in communication. The word before を O must be Noun. Noun + を O
| direct object | object marker | verb |
| ラーメン | を | 食べました。 |
| Ramen | o | Ate |
Example
1.私はテレビを見ます。 I watch TV.
2.ラーメンを食べました。I ate ramen.
3.日本語を勉強しています。 I am studying Japanese.
How do you use the Ni particle in Japanese
ow to use the particle に. This is a great introduction to using particles in Japanese and some of the nuances that are important to know when trying to communicate with others.
There are 7 common ways to use Ni particle in Japanese
Ni に used to indicate following
1.Indirect Object Marker
2.Location of Existence
3.Direct Contract
4.Specific Time
5.Indicates Direction
6.Source
7.Frequency expressions
How do you use the Ni particle in a sentence?
There are common 7 ways to use Ni particle
1.Indirect Object Marker
に Ni is a particle that can be used to mark the indirect object, showing who or what received an action.
Example :
1. 田中さんに電話をしました。 I called Mr. Tanaka.
2. 友だちに日本語を教えます。I will teach Japanese to my friends.
2.Location of Existence
The particle に Ni is typically used with verbs such as iru (to exist), aru (to exist) . It means at or in, but can also be translated into to go inside of something like a house.
Example :
1. 先生は学校にいます。The teacher is at school.
2. 図書館に教科書があります。There are textbooks in the library.
3. 建物の中に入ります。Enter the building.
3.Direct Contract
We use に Ni when a motion or action is directed at or onto an object or place.
Example :
1. 建物の中に入ります。Enter the building.
2. バスに乗ります。 Take the bus. ( Get into the bus)
4.Specific Time
We use に Ni to indicate the time that action happen
Example :
1. 私は毎日、朝7時に起きます。I get up every day at 7am.
2. 会議は朝8時に始まります。 The meeting starts at 8 am.
5.Indicates Direction
Indicates a place or territory as a destination or direction.
Example :
1.日本に行きます。 I’m going to Japan.
2.学校に行きます。I will go to school.
6.Purpose
Indicate objectives, goals
Example :
1.日本へ日本語を勉強しに行きます。 I’m going to Japan to study Japanese.
2.ラーメンを食べに行きます。 I’m going to eat ramen.
7.Source
Indicate person or target that is doing or being acted upon.
Example :
1.私は彼女にチョコレートをもらいました。I got her chocolate.
2.私は妹にお金をあげました。 I gave my sister money.
8.Frequency expressions
Indicate how often to do the action.
Example :
1.私は週に1回日本語を勉強しています。
2.私は週に2回運動をします。
What does the particle mo means
basic Japanese.も is an auxiliary word for the Subject. mean too and also . to explain whether the subject is the same or does the same The form of use is N1もN3です。N1もAdj-い or なです。For example : 山田さんも日本人です。Mr. Yamada is also Japanese
How do you use Mo も in Japanese
There are 4 common ways more to use Mo も
1.to bring up a particular subject to show that there are other things in the same way too
Example :
1.山田さんも日本人です。Mr. Yamada is also Japanese
2.あなたも日本に行くんですか。Do you go to Japan too?
2.To bring up various subjects and describe that there are the same conditions too.
Example :
1.今日も一緒に頑張りましょう。Let’s do our best together today.
2.昨日は暑かったですが、今日も暑いですね。It was hot yesterday, but it’s hot today as well.
3.Used at the end of interrogative pronouns. to express the meaning of not at all or totally accept
Example :
1.はやすぎたので、なにも分かりませんでした。I didn’t understand anything because it was too fast.
2.真っ暗なので、何も、見えないよ。It’s pitch black, so I can’t see anything.
4.express shock or impression
Example :
1.この寿司は9００円もする。This sushi costs 900 yen
2.どこにも行けないから、1か月間10キロも太ってきた。I can’t go anywhere, so I’ve gained 10 kilos for a month.
What does the Japanese particle no mean
The Japanese Particle NO (の) is used to indicate possession, and to link nouns together into a hierarchy.
1. Particle NO (の) is used to show possession. In order for this exercise, you will need to know the word “watashi” in Japanese which means ‘I’. The example sentence: watashino namae (わたし の なまえ) would mean ‘my name
2. Particle NO (の) is used to link nouns together into a hierarchy. For example, Tokyo daigaku no gakusei (東京大学の学生), connects two of them in this case “大学” meaning college and “学生” which means student.
3. Particle NO (の) indicates a relative position. For example, 机の上 ( On the table. 箱の中 ( inside the box)
How to use NO (の) to indicate possession
When you think about the two words ‘Yamada’ and ‘house,’ it is clear that they are both nouns. In English, we use an apostrophe to show possession of a house by Yamada; in Japanese の will do just as well!
The particle NO (の) can be used for indicating ownership or belonging to someone else. For example, 山田の家（Yamada’s house) , 私の家（My house)
の shows us the relationship between two nouns.
Example : (1) わたしのペン My pen
わたしのペンはこれです。 This is my pen.
（2）山田さんの車 Yamada’s Car
山田さんの車は赤いです。Mr. Yamada’s car is red.
How to use Particle NO (の) is used to link nouns together into a hierarchy.
Particle NO (の) is used to link nouns together into a hierarchy. For example, Tokyo daigaku no gakusei (東京大学の学生), connects two of them in this case “大学” meaning college and “学生” which means student.
Example : （1）日本の車 Japanese anime
日本のアニメが好きですか。Do you like Japanese anime
(2) 東京大学の学生 University of Tokyo student
私は東京大学の学生です。 I am a student at the University of Tokyo.
How to use Particle NO (の) indicates a relative position
Particle NO (の) tells us all about the person’s location in relation to another, and it means “a place where there is.
Example : (1）机の上 On the table
鉛筆は机の上にあります。 The pencil is on the desk.
(2）家の外 outside of home
家の外にだれかいます。 Someone is outside the house.
What is へ e particle in japanese
This Particle is written in Hiragana へ (he), but when it is used as an Particle it is pronounced as e.used to denote that the word in front is a place It is often used with the verb “to go, come back”.
行く （いく） go
来る （くる） come
帰る （かえる） go back
Example：
1.駅へ行く。 To go to the station.
2.私は家へ帰ります。 I will return home.
3.いつ日本へ来ますか。 When are you coming to Japan?
What does the particle De mean in Japanese?
De is the help used to indicate a place Vehicles or methods, tools, equipment, or the language we use It means at ～ /by ~ /with～
Example :
1.食堂でご飯を食べます。I eat at the canteen
2.東京から大阪まで飛行機で行きます。 I will fly from Tokyo to Osaka.
3.私は、いつも駅まで原動機付き自転車で行きます。 I always go to the station by moped.
What is the particle to use in Japanese?
It is a particle used to connect words. meaning and, with, also, that
Example :
1.黒と白の猫 black and white cat
2.カップとお皿 cup and platter
What are the 188 Japanese particles?
The Japanese particle is a small word that indicates the relationship between words within a sentence. As part of a sentence, they are followed by other words, such as nouns, verbs, and adjectives. In English, some prepositions can be used as comparisons. Japanese uses 188 particles in total.
Here is a list of 188 Japanese particles Download
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