It is essential to learn Japanese vocabulary when studying the language. In addition to words borrowed from other languages, Japanese vocabulary is vast and diverse. Learning essential words and phrases, as well as specialized terminology and idiomatic expressions, is essential for effective communication in Japanese.
JLPT N1 Grammar: なしに / なしで (nashi ni / nashi de) Meaning
「なしに」 and 「なしで」 are similar in meaning, but are used in slightly different ways.
「なしに」 is used to indicate that something is done without a certain condition or requirement. For example,「辞書なしに日本語を読む」 (reading Japanese without a dictionary) or 「準備なしに試験に受かる」 (passing an exam without preparation).
「なしで」 is used to indicate that something is done without doing a certain action. For example,「手を洗わなしで食事をする」 (eating without washing one’s hands) or 「許可なしで入った」 (entered without permission).
It is worth noting that the particle “に” is used to indicate that something is done without something else (a condition or requirement) while “で” is used to indicate that something is done without doing something else (an action).
FORM
Verb (dictionary form) + こと なしに（は）
なしで（は） Noun
Examples
- 字幕なしで映画を見る。 I watch movies without subtitles.
- コーラを氷なしでお願いします。 A coke without ice, please.
- その国はビザなしで入れますか。 Can we enter the country without a visa?
- アイスコーヒーを氷なしでお願いします。 I’ll have iced coffee without ice.
- 忙しい時は、昼食なしで済ますことが多い。 I often make do without lunch when I’m busy.
- 会社は資本なしには成長できない The company cannot grow without capital.
- 彼女は挨拶もなしに部屋に入った。 She entered the room without saying hello.
- 有名なお化け屋敷がやまなしにある。 There’s a famous haunted house in Yamanashi.
- あの人は詐欺に遭って一文なしになった That person was swindled and went broke.