Japanese grammar is an essential part of learning the Japanese language.
It is the set of rules that govern the way words are combined to form sentences in the Japanese language. Japanese grammar is known for its complex system of particles, which are small words that are added to the end of nouns or verbs to indicate the grammatical function of the word in the sentence.
In this post, We will talk about JLPT N4 Grammar: とか～とか
JLPT N4 Grammar: とか～とか (toka~toka) Meaning
The expression “とか～とか” (toka~toka) is used to list examples or alternatives in Japanese. It is similar to the English expressions “such as,” “like,” or “etc.” For example:
たべものに、りんごとかオレンジとかがあります。
(There are things to eat such as apples and oranges.)
In this sentence, “りんご” (apple) and “オレンジ” (orange) are given as examples of things to eat. The expression “とか” can be used to list a few examples or alternatives, or it can be used to indicate that there are many more possibilities beyond the ones listed.
Note that “とか” is written in hiragana and is not a separate word in Japanese. It is a particle that is attached to the end of a noun or verb to indicate that what comes next is an example or alternative.
Form
Verb (dictionary form) + とか
Noun + とか
Here are 10 sentences using the expression “とか～とか”:
- この本には、旅行についての記事とか、レシピとかが書いてあります。
(In this book, there are articles about traveling and recipes, etc.)
- 今日の夕食には、カレーライスとか、焼き魚とかがあります。
(For dinner today, there are things like curry rice and grilled fish.)
- 彼は音楽家として、ピアノとか、ギターとかを演奏します。
(As a musician, he plays instruments such as the piano and guitar.)
- この辞書には、日本語とか、英語とか、フランス語とかが載っています。
(This dictionary has Japanese, English, French, etc.)
- 彼女は、絵を描くこととか、料理をすることとかが趣味です。
(Her hobbies include things like drawing and cooking.)
- このレストランには、和食とか、洋食とかがあります。
(This restaurant has Japanese and Western food, etc.)
- 私たちは、ハイキングとか、カヤックに行くこととかが好きです。
(We like things like hiking and kayaking.)
- 彼は、プログラミングとか、デザインとかが得意です。
(He is skilled in things like programming and design.)
- このスーパーには、野菜とか、果物とかがたくさんあります。
(This supermarket has a lot of vegetables and fruit, etc.)
- 私は、クラシック音楽とか、ジャズとかが好きです。
(I like classical and jazz music, etc.)