In order for you to learn Japanese, you are required to learn hiragana, katakana, and kanji as the most common writing systems. Due to the difficulty of learning other writing systems, some students may neglect them. You should learn only hiragana if you have this problem rather than katakana, kanji, or another system.
Along with kanji, hiragana and katakana are the basic writing scripts you must learn when studying Japanese. While they have some similarities, hiragana and katakana are different in the following ways:
- Hiragana is used for representing native Japanese words whereas katakana is used for depicting loan words. Therefore, it does not come as a surprise that katakana is utilized for writing things that don’t have direct Japanese equivalent words such as company names, scientific words, food, and animal names.
- In terms of writing style, hiragana looks curly. Katakana, on the other hand, is quite sharp and block-like. In addition, hiragana comes from the complete kanji whereas katakana only originates from some kanji characters.
- When it comes to writing Japanese words, hiragana is considered to be fundamental and common. However, katakana is mostly meant for emphasis and adding different styles to writing.
- Hiragana is commonly utilized as grammar notation because it is the basis of numerous function and grammatical words. If you are writing Japanese in a formal setting, it is advisable to always utilize hiragana for grammatical words. Comparatively, katakana is usually utilized for indicating phonetic notation.
So, you should bear these important differences in mind when learning how to use hiragana and katakana.
How many Japanese alphabets are there?
Besides hiragana and katakana, there are three types of alphabets used in Japanese. Despite the fact that all three writing systems are used together in Japanese texts, it is important to understand their different roles within the language. Because of this, it is impossible to speak, listen, read, and write Japanese without knowing all three alphabets. You must learn all three writing systems if you want to learn Japanese.
Let’s shed more light on the three Japanese alphabets.
1. Hiragana
This writing system is known as the fundamental phonetic alphabet of the Japanese language. It is used for the representation of each sound in Japanese. Therefore, it can be theoretically assumed that every form of writing can be done in hiragana. Practically, Japanese people don’t write everything in hiragana because Japanese texts don’t usually have spaces. Hence, kanji must come alongside hiragana characters for people to understand a Japanese text.
Overall, there are 46 basic hiragana characters. Each of these characters has a specific sound, but the meanings are not independent.
What are the main roles of hiragana?
Now, let’s take a look at the most important roles that hiragana play in the Japanese language.
- Hiragana is for creating grammatical structure
The most prominent role of hiragana is for adding grammatical structure to any Japanese sentence. Sometimes, when it is added to a word, it will alter its meaning completely. Therefore, if you don’t have hiragana symbols in some words, it will be difficult to make any sense out of them.
- Hiragana is used for writing
Generally, hiragana characters are utilized for writing different Japanese words. As suggested earlier, various Japanese words can be written entirely hiragana. Even if you don’t remember the right kanji characters to use in a particular instance, you can substitute it with a hiragana symbol.
- hiragana is utilized for showing pronunciation of a word
If there is an unusual kanji symbol in a Japanese text, it may be difficult to determine the pronunciation of such a word. However, if a hiragana character is added to the kanji symbol, it will be easier for you to know the right pronunciation. When used in this manner, such a hiragana symbol will be called yomigana or furigana. In some other situations, hiragana can be used to write some Japanese words that don’t have any kanji equivalent.
2. Katakana
The second Japanese alphabet is katakana. It is similar to hiragana because it is a phonetic system with every character having a specific syllable or sound. Like hiragana, a beginner must learn katakana as soon as possible to ensure that they can have a good grasp of the Japanese language.
What are katakana symbols used for?
Katakana symbols are usually utilized for an array of things. But the most common and significant ones are non-Japanese words. In other words, katakana characters are often used for representing borrowed or foreign. You should note that several Japanese words are borrowed from English and a few other languages. So, such borrowed words will be written with katakana. In fact, over 80% of the time that katakana symbols are used in Japanese, they represent foreign words.
For English speakers, katakana makes it easy for you to speak Japanese. This is because when you understand the characters of katakana, it will be easier for you to identify various words that are borrowed from the English language.
Apart from foreign or borrowed words, it is also possible to find katakana symbols that are used for:
- Names of some animals
- Scientific words that don’t have any specific Japanese equivalent
- Company names – the companies can be either foreign or local ones
- Robot-speech – this refers to when Japanese texts are written as if robots are talking
- Names of foods – this is particularly true for plant and animal foods as well as foreign foods
- Onomatopoeia – these are words that are written in the same way as what they represent
- Adding stylistic purposes to texts
- Putting emphasis on some texts
Katakana characters are also useful in several other cases, but they are not as significant as the ones described above.
The third alphabet of the Japanese language is kanji. In general, kanji symbols are known as logograms i.e. pictures that are using for ideas, concepts, or words. Kanji is a writing script adopted from the Chinese language and used for giving more clarity and meaning to Japanese.
Overall, there are more than 50,000 kanji symbols in Japanese. But you don’t have to worry about these characters as an average native Japanese speaker doesn’t even know more than 10 percent of these characters. As a learner, your focus should be on the first 2,000 kanji characters. From there, you can start learning more kanji symbols.
What are kanji characters used for?
Typically, kanji symbols are important when you want to describe certain content-heavy words. These words may include verbs, adverbs, nouns, as well as adjectives. As a result of this, you don’t need kanji if you only want to learn how to speak and listen to the Japanese language.
However, when it comes to writing and reading, you cannot do without knowing some important kanji characters. Kanji will probably account for over 40% of the printable symbols in an average Japanese newspaper. Therefore, if you want to read newspapers, books, food menus, and other things correctly, you need to familiarize yourself with kanji characters.